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A group of cryptographers at INRIA, Microsoft Research and IMDEA have discovered some serious vulnerabilities in OpenSSL (e.g., Android) clients and Apple TLS/SSL clients (e.g., Safari) that allow a ’man in the middle attacker’ to downgrade connections from ’strong’ RSA to ’export-grade’ RSA. These attacks are real and exploitable against a shocking number of websites – including government websites. » Matthew Green | blog.cryptographyengineering.com

Gracias a la desbordante imaginación de una dama victoriana del siglo XIX pudimos dar el salto del cálculo a la computación. Ada creó el primer programa de ordenador en su mente, simulando una máquina que nunca existió. La informática nació dentro del cerebro de una mujer. » txipi | blog.txipinet.com

Tim Peters developed the Timsort hybrid sorting algorithm in 2002. It is a clever combination of ideas from merge sort and insertion sort, and designed to perform well on real world data. TimSort was first developed for Python, but later ported to Java (where it appears as java.util.Collections.sort and java.util.Arrays.sort) by Joshua Bloch (the designer of Java Collections who also pointed out that most binary search algorithms were broken). TimSort is today used as the default sorting algorithm for Android SDK, Sun’s JDK and OpenJDK. Given the popularity of these platforms this means that the number of computers, cloud services and mobile phones that use TimSort for sorting is well into the billions. Fast forward to 2015. After we had successfully verified Counting and Radix sort implementations in Java (J. Autom. Reasoning 53(2), 129-139) with a formal verification tool called KeY, we were looking for a new challenge. TimSort seemed to fit the bill, as it is rather complex and widely used. Unfortunately, we weren’t able to prove its correctness. A closer analysis showed that this was, quite simply, because TimSort was broken and our theoretical considerations finally led us to a path towards finding the bug (interestingly, that bug appears already in the Python implementation). This blog post shows how we did it. ...

I extracted the certificate from the SuperFish adware and cracked the password (”komodia”) that encrypted it. I discuss how down below. The consequence is that I can intercept the encrypted communications of SuperFish’s victims (people with Lenovo laptops) while hanging out near them at a cafe wifi hotspot. Note: this is probably trafficking in illegal access devices under the proposed revisions to the CFAA, so get it now before they change the law. ...

Other users are reporting that the adware actually installs its own self-signed certificate authority which effectively allows the software to snoop on secure connections, like banking websites as pictured in action below. This is a malicious technique commonly known as a man-in-the middle attack, where the certificate allows the software to decrypt secure requests, yet Lenovo appears to be shipping this software with some of its products out of the box. ...

The U.S. National Security Agency has figured out how to hide spying software deep within hard drives made by Western Digital, Seagate, Toshiba, and other top manufacturers, giving the agency the means to eavesdrop on the majority of the world’s computers, according to cyber researchers and former operatives. » Joseph Menn | businessinsider.com

Enter Digital Rights Management in its most primitive forms: let’s call it DRM 0.96. They introduced physical indicia which the software checked for—deliberate damage, dongles, hidden sectors—and challenge-response protocols that required possession of large, unwieldy manuals that were difficult to copy. These failed for two reasons. First, they were commercially unpopular, because they reduced the usefulness of the software to the legitimate purchasers. Honest buyers resented the non-functionality of their backups, they hated the loss of scarce ports to the authentication dongles, and they chafed at the inconvenience of having to lug around large manuals when they wanted to run their software. Second, these didn’t stop pirates, who found it trivial to patch the software and bypass authentication. People who took the software without paying for it were untouched. ...

Originally, there was kSplice as a standalone project that implemented stop_machine()-based patching for the linux kernel. This project got later acquired, and the current owner is providing live patching as a proprietary service, without any intentions to have their implementation merged. Then, due to rising user/customer demand, both Red Hat and SUSE started working on their own implementation (not knowing about each other), and announced first versions roughly at the same time. ...

En 1972 se ponía en venta en las tiendas norteamericanas la Magnavox Odyssey, la primera videoconsola de la historia. Un año antes un estudiante de la Universidad de Stanford y su socio habían construido la primera máquina recreativa de la historia. A partir de estos dos acontecimientos clave los videojuegos comenzaron a popularizarse creando a día de hoy una gigantesca industria de ocio y entretenimiento capaz de competir en seguidores y volumen de ventas con el cine o la música. ...

The Python reference documentation explicitly documents this behavior in the section on for loops: The for-loop makes assignments to the variables(s) in the target list. […] Names in the target list are not deleted when the loop is finished, but if the sequence is empty, they will not have been assigned to at all by the loop. » Eli Bendersky | eli.thegreenplace.net